Chapter FIVE
Controlling Program Flow

Answers

1. The correct answer is A.

Explanation:

• A) x is between 5 and 20
  • This option is correct. The value of x is 10, which satisfies both conditions in the nested if statements (x > 5 and x < 20). Therefore, the program prints "x is between 5 and 20".
• B) x is 5 or less
  • This option is incorrect. The value of x is 10, which does not satisfy the condition x <= 5 in the else block. Therefore, this message will not be printed.
• C) x is greater than 20
  • This option is incorrect. The value of x is 10, which does not satisfy the condition x > 20. Therefore, this message will not be printed.
• D) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles successfully without any errors.
• E) The program compiles but does not produce any output
  • This option is incorrect. The program produces output because the value of x satisfies the conditions within the nested if statements, leading to the output "x is between 5 and 20".

2. The correct answer is C.

Explanation:

• A) Code snippet 1
  • This option is incorrect. The variable y is declared inside the first if statement and is not accessible outside its block. Therefore, trying to print y outside its scope results in a compilation error.
• B) Code snippet 2
  • This option is incorrect. The variable z is declared inside the second if statement and is not accessible outside its block. Therefore, attempting to use z outside its scope results in a compilation error.
• C) Code snippet 3
  • This option is correct. The variable a is declared outside the if statement, so it is accessible both inside and outside the if block. Reassigning a inside the if block is allowed.
• D) None of the above
  • This option is incorrect. While it’s true that code snippets 1, 2 and 4 will not compile, code snippet 3 does compile without any errors. Therefore, the answer cannot be “none of the above”.

3. The correct answer is C.

Explanation:

• A) Weekend
  • This option is incorrect. The value of dayOfWeek is 3, which does not match cases 1 or 7, so it does not print "Weekend".
• B) Invalid day
  • This option is incorrect. The default case is not executed because the value of dayOfWeek matches one of the specific cases (2, 3, 4, 5, or 6).
• C) Weekday
  • This option is correct. The value of dayOfWeek is 3, which matches case 3. Therefore, the variable dayType is set to "Weekday", and this value is printed.
• D) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles without errors.
• E) The program compiles but does not produce any output
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles and produces output, which is "Weekday" based on the given dayOfWeek value.

4. The correct answer is B.

Explanation:

• A) A
  • This option is incorrect. The value of score is 85, which does not match the cases for 90 or 100. Therefore, it does not print "A".
• B) F
  • This option is correct. The default case is executed because the value of score doesn’t match any of the other case statements.
• C) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program uses a switch expression correctly, compiling without errors.
• D) B
  • This option is incorrect. The value of score is 85, which doesn’t match the case for 80 or 89.
• E) The program compiles but does not produce any output
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles and produces output, which is "F" based on the given score value.

5. The correct answer is B.

Explanation:

• A) 2
  • This option is incorrect. The value of count is incremented until it reaches 3. The labeled break statement breaks out of the outer loop when count equals 3.
• B) 3
  • This option is correct. The value of count is incremented inside the inner while loop. When count reaches 3, the labeled break statement (break outerLoop) is executed, causing the control to exit the outer loop. Therefore, count is 3 when printed.
• C) 4
  • This option is incorrect. The loop does not continue incrementing count to 4 because the labeled break statement exits the loop when count is 3.
• D) 5
  • This option is incorrect. The loop does not continue incrementing count to 5 because the labeled break statement exits the loop when count is 3.
• E) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles successfully and runs without errors.

6. The correct answer is C.

Explanation:

• A) 5
  • This option is incorrect. The value 5 is just the upper limit of the loop and not the sum of the integers from 1 to 5.
• B) 10
  • This option is incorrect. The value 10 is less than the sum of the integers from 1 to 5.
• C) 15
  • This option is correct. The loop iterates from 1 to 5, adding each value of i to sum. The calculations are as follows: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15.
• D) 20
  • This option is incorrect. The value 20 is more than the sum of the integers from 1 to 5.
• E) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles successfully and runs without errors.

7. The correct answer is A.

Explanation:

• A) 9
  • This option is correct. The continue statement skips the current iteration when the number is even (num % 2 == 0). The odd numbers in the array are 1, 3, and 5. Their sum is 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
• B) 10
  • This option is incorrect. The sum of the odd numbers (1, 3, and 5) is 9, not 10.
• C) 12
  • This option is incorrect. The sum of the odd numbers (1, 3, and 5) is 9, not 12.
• D) 15
  • This option is incorrect. The sum of all the numbers in the array (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) is 15, but the continue statement causes the loop to skip adding the even numbers.
• E) The program does not compile
  • This option is incorrect. The program compiles successfully and runs without errors.